SEJARAH PANCASILA PART 1 metho kls x

Main Ideas and Concepts / Lessons Conveyed

• Purpose of the lesson

  • The speaker introduces Grade 10 Pancasila education material (Chapter 1).
  • The focus is on the main ideas behind the formation of BPUPKI (BPU PKI) and how these ideas relate to the formulation of Pancasila as the state philosophy.

• Early historical development of values in Nusantara

  • The speaker presents multiple theories about the origins of society in the archipelago, suggesting different historical perspectives, including:
    • Nusantara theory
    • African theory
    • Yunan (Greek) theory (suggesting people spread from the Yunan/Mongolian plains)

  • Regardless of origin theory, Nusantara societies are described as gradually developing social patterns and values, such as:

    • Lifestyle development

      • From nomadic group living and food gathering/hunting
      • To settled life through farming
      • To barter/exchange economies, and later more developed exchange systems

    • Value development

      • Religious values: dynamism, animism, totemism, polytheism, and even monotheism
      • Humanitarian values: forming groups/families that support and help one another
      • Unity and togetherness within groups
      • Social values that connect relationships between different groups
      • Justice, referenced through historical remains (e.g., sarcophagi, dolmen, menhirs)

  • The speaker connects these developments to the later emergence of large societies and kingdoms, implying continuity toward later state philosophy.

• Kingdoms and intellectual/cultural records

  • The speaker lists many kingdoms across periods, including:

    • Hindu-Buddhist era: Kutai, Tarumanegara, Pajajaran (Sunda), Malay, Kalingga, Sriwijaya, Ancient Mataram, Kediri, Singasare, Bali, Majapahit
      • Majapahit is highlighted as a period where the ability to control and unify the archipelago became particularly strong.
      • Cultural/historical texts are also mentioned as evidence of philosophical/social order, including:
    • Sutasoma book, claimed to include the term “Pancasila” and five social order values recognized as rules for society.

• Religious kingdoms and foreign contact

  • After Majapahit, the speaker describes expansion into Islamic kingdoms (monotheistic, one God), such as:
    • Samudra Pasai, Aceh, Demak, Pajang, Mataram, Banten, Tidore, Ternate, and others
  • The speaker also mentions kingdoms influenced by Christianity.
  • Foreign nations are described as largely coming to seek resources (land/spices), which contributed to colonization.

• Colonization and the strengthening of Pancasila values

  • Colonization is framed as painful, especially under:
    • Dutch colonial rule (described as the longest period)
    • Continued later through Japanese occupation after Dutch defeat
  • A metaphor is used: Indonesians “escaped from the tiger’s mouth into the crocodile’s mouth.”
  • Key lesson: even under Dutch/Japanese rule, Pancasila values persisted and strengthened, shown through the rise of nationalism.

• Rise of nationalism and preparation for independence

  • May 20, 1908: described as the beginning of the nationalist movement through national organizations.
  • Nationalist organizations are described as crossing ethnicity, culture, and religion, forming a single youth/national spirit.
  • Influential figures are named (including later independence pioneers), such as:
    • Soekarno
    • Muhammad Hatta
    • and others
  • Japan’s weakening due to Allied attacks is described as leading Japan to seek support from Indonesians.

• Creation and role of BPUPKI (PPKI / BPU PKI)

  • March 1, 1945: Japan announced formation of an investigation/preparatory agency for Indonesian independence, referred to as:
    • “Dokoretsitsu Jumbi Chokosakaeng” (described as the Investigating Agency for Preparatory Efforts for Indonesian Independence)
  • April 29, 1945: in a decree (linked to Emperor Hirohito’s birthday), Japan included the formation of BPUPKI.
  • The speaker clarifies BPUPKI’s purpose:
    • To study and investigate important matters for establishing an independent Indonesian state.
  • Structure/leadership (as described):
    • Chairman: Dr. KHRT Rajiman Widjoningrat (spelled variably in subtitles)
    • A young chairman and 40 members
    • Seven Japanese special administrators:
      • Attend sessions, but have no voting rights
    • This is presented as an example of Japanese supervision/interference in BPUPKI work.

• Key task inside BPUPKI: drafting the state foundation

  • BPUPKI’s first session timeline:
    • May 29, 1945 to June 1, 1945
  • At the beginning, the chairman asked members to give views on the basis of the future independent Indonesian state.
  • Three major contributors are mentioned (as described in subtitles):
    • Muhammad Yamin
    • Supomo
    • Soekarno
  • The lesson emphasizes that the final Pancasila principles were crystallized from these contributions.

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Detailed Bullet List: Proposed Foundations by Major Speakers

1) Muhammad Yamin’s Five Basic Values (as described)

1. Nationalism

   • The state to be formed: Indonesian nation-state
   • National identity based on civilization with a national and divine foundation
   • Nationality distinguishes the post-independence nation-state from earlier royal-based kingdoms

2. Humanity

   • Humans must be sovereign in a universal sense (humanism + internationalism)
   • Sovereignty based on international law and moral rules of independent nations
   • Humanity as resistance to colonialism and imperialism → leads to freedom from colonialism/imperialism

3. Belief in God

   • Independence requires a noble civilization including belief in the One Almighty God
   • The welfare state is God-fearing; God protects the nation

4. People / Democracy

   • Democracy based on deliberation, representation, and wisdom
   • Deliberation prevents the state being driven by one person’s thoughts
   • Representation matters because Indonesians are numerous across a vast territory
   • Leadership guided by healthy rationalism

5. People’s Welfare

   • The state’s task is to ensure welfare for all Indonesians across regions and diverse groups

• Consolidated framing stated by the speaker
  • Five foundations summarized by Muhammad Yamin:
    • Nationalism, Humanity, Divinity, Populism/Democracy, People’s Welfare

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2) Supomo’s Five Basic Concepts of the State

1. Unity

   • Unity between leaders and people, and unity within the country, is required
   • Unity enables cooperation toward national ideals
   • Presented as consistent with Indonesian society’s characteristics and Eastern thought

2. Family

   • Indonesia should cooperate with other countries Japan controlled, framed “as a family”

3. Balance

   • Balance between inner and outer aspects, extended to unity with the universe
   • Emphasizes harmony in human-social life and harmony with other creatures
   • Balance between physical and spiritual supports harmony

4. Deliberation

   • Ensures unity between leaders and people
   • The best relationship for decision-making is deliberation

5. People’s Justice

   • In a unitary state: justice for the people and guidance toward noble ideals

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3) Soekarno’s Formulation: Pancasila as the State Foundation

• The subtitles state that Soekarno:

  • Declared the basis of the Indonesian state after independence is Pancasila
  • Introduced the term “Pancasila” on June 1, 1945

• In Soekarno’s view, Pancasila contains five principles:

1. Indonesian nationality

   • Not about one group only, but a united will across all existing groups

2. Internationalism / Humanity

   • Maintain a sense of family among nations
   • Important to “restrain chauvinism” (as described)

3. Consensus / Democracy

   • Not a state for one person or one group
   • “All for one, one for all” framing
   • Democratic deliberation is required

4. Social welfare

   • Democratic, but contrasted with Western liberal-individual democracy
   • Emphasizes cooperation and prosperity: political equality, economic equality, shared prosperity

5. Belief in the One Almighty God

   • “Cultured God” (religious practice without egoism)
   • People may worship freely; Indonesians should be godly without religious egoism

• Closing conclusion in the subtitles
  • Pancasila’s five principles are summarized as:
    • Indonesian nationality
    • Internationalism/humanity
    • Consensus/democracy
    • Social welfare
    • Belief in the One and Only God

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Speakers / Sources Featured (as Named in Subtitles)

Individuals mentioned

• Soekarno (Ir. Soekarno)
• Muhammad Yamin
• Supomo
• Dr. KHRT Rajiman Widjoningrat (chairman of BPUPKI per subtitles)
• Emperor Hirohito (referenced for the decree date)
• Japanese officials / Japanese members of BPUPKI supervision
  • Described as seven Japanese special administrators (no individual names provided)
• Nationalism-era figures (named)
  • Muhammad Hatta
  • Soekarno (also listed again)

Historical/cultural references mentioned

• Sutasoma book
  • Claimed evidence of “Pancasila” and five values
• Historical kingdoms listed (examples include Majapahit, Sriwijaya, Kutai, Tarumanegara, Samudra Pasai, Aceh, Demak, Pajang, Mataram, Banten, Ternate, Tidore, etc.)
  • Mentioned as referenced historical entities rather than individual “sources”