Kimia Industri - Proses Pembuatan Minyak Kelapa Sawit (Bag.2 Diagram Alir Proses)

Main ideas / concepts conveyed

The video presents a process flow diagram (diagram alir) for making palm oil, describing the workflow from raw fruit handling through:

• Oil extraction (pressing and separation)
• Oil purification and drying
• Processing remaining solids (fiber/shell) for energy generation

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Methodology / process steps

1) Fruit preparation

• Weighing and sorting

  • Palm oil fruit is weighed and sorted to determine quantity and quality.

• Loading

  • Fruit is loaded; collected materials (“brakes”) are gathered up to a certain amount and then transferred to the sterilizer.

• Sterilization

  • Fruit is sterilized by boiling inside a pressure vessel.

• Transport and singling

  • Sterilized fruit is moved via conveyor to a stage described as “three sing” (likely a singling/cleaning stage).
  • Fruit is separated from stalks using a tool name that is unclear due to subtitle errors (shown as “…tracer / …tr…”).

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2) Oil extraction (pressing and separation)

• Digestion / crushing (in digester)

  • Fruit is chopped/crushed so that fruit flesh separates from seeds.

• Pre-press / screw press

  • Fruit mash is pressed in a screw press (prepress) to separate:
    • Oil from the remaining material (“dregs”)
    • Seeds, which stay with the pressed solids.

• Oil separation (centrifuge / vibrating screen)

  • The pressed material is sent to separation equipment described as “centrap and vibrating screen.”
  • Impurities settle by density:
    • Oil collects on top
    • Impurities collect at the bottom

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3) Oil purification and drying

• Filtering on vibrating screen

  • Oil is filtered to remove impurities such as:
    • Sand
    • Fibers
    • Soil

• Oil tank group collection

  • Clean oil goes to an oil tank group.

• Heating

  • Oil is heated to 90–95°C.

• Degumming / separation using CST

  • Oil flows to CST, where separation is performed using density differences:
    • Oil (top) is collected using a scanner
    • Mud (bottom) remains below

• Water reduction and further purification

  • Collected oil is heated again to reduce water content.
  • Oil then flows to an oil purifier.

• Drying (vacuum method)

  • Purified oil still contains water, so it is dried using a vacuum drying process.

• Storage

  • Dried oil flows to a two-story tank / storage tank (name unclear).
  • Final oil is stored for later distribution.

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4) Processing the remaining solids (kernel and fiber/shell)

• Transport of dregs and seeds

  • After pressing, dregs and seeds are transported to a decomposition processing stage.

• Fiber/de-seeding separation (“decomposed” stage)

  • Fiber clumps and seeds are decomposed.
  • Separation between fiber and seeds happens in a stage whose name is unclear due to subtitles (shown as “deprecated / get disgust”).

• Kernel/shell separation

  • Seeds are processed through a mill (described as “elevator Emil ripple mill” / “ripple mill”) to break material so that core and shell separate.
  • Core and shell separation occurs in a stage described as “h… cell separator”:
    • Separation uses wind suction (shell is sucked; core cleaner but not fully clean).
  • The core is further cleaned in a stage described as “clay betteng” using a solution based on specific gravity.

• Drying and storage of kernel

  • Clean core goes into a dryer silo.
  • Kernel is stored in a Kernel Silo and later distributed to consumers.

• Fiber and shell energy recovery

  • Fiber and shell are sent to a burning furnace.
  • Burning produces heat for a boiler, which generates steam.
  • Steam is directed to a steam turbine (pulse steam turbine).
  • The turbine generates energy used as a power source for the palm oil factory.

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Speakers / sources featured

• Mr. Yoga — explains the palm oil manufacturing process flow diagram.