Sistem Air Bersih pada Bangunan Tinggi - plumbing

Main Ideas, Concepts, and Lessons

• Scope of the topic (clean water system in high-rise buildings)

  • The video introduces “clean water” as part of a building’s overall water system, contrasting:
    • Clean water vs. dirty/used water
    • Rainwater vs. clean water supply
    • Hot water as a separate subsystem for certain building functions

• Why architects need this knowledge

  • The discussion is framed from an architectural perspective, aiming to help architects:
    • plan spaces for plumbing components (e.g., MFP/plumbing-related rooms and shafts)
    • ensure architectural drawings can align with MEP / MEP consulting outputs
  • The presenter notes the level of detail is not as deep as what a dedicated MEP (Mechanical/Electrical/Plumbing) consultant would produce.

• Key references/standards mentioned

  • SNI (Indonesia National Standard): SNI 03-7013-2005
    • referenced as a basis for procedures to plan plumbing systems
  • DKI Jakarta Provincial Regulation: Perda DKI Jakarta No. 122/2005
    • about water management for domestic waste
    • used here as supporting basis for clean water planning assumptions/tables

• Principle of sizing clean water demand

  • Clean water demand depends on:
    • building function (office, residential, apartment, hospital, school, hotel, etc.)
    • number of occupants
  • Standards provide different liters per person per day by building function.

• Core calculation method demonstrated (step-by-step)

  1. Determine the building function
  2. Determine the number of occupants
     • an example is shown using office area and an occupancy density assumption
  3. Determine daily clean water demand
     • occupants × standard liters/person/day
     • example for offices: 50 L/person/day
  4. Convert volume units
     • liters/day → cubic meters/day
     • example: 100,000 L/day = 100 m³/day

• Sizing water storage tanks (roof tank and ground tank)

  • Roof tank volume
    • assumed to be 15–20% of daily clean water demand
    • example: office daily need 100 m³/day
      • roof tank at ~20% → 20 m³
  • Ground water tank (GWT) / clean water tank
    • includes daily clean water storage plus a fire-fighting reserve
  • Fire-fighting reserve assumption
    • taken as 1 to 1.5× the clean water volume
    • presenter uses 1.5× in the office example
    • example:
      • clean water needs: 100 m³
      • fire reserve: 150 m³
      • total capacity: 250 m³
  • Additional note: RWT / temporary storage (if water isn’t immediately usable)
    • an “RWT” (router/temporary storage tank, as described) may be needed
    • assumed to be ~30% of total clean water tank volume
    • example:
      • if total is 250 m³, then RWT ≈ 30% = 75 m³
  • When RWT/GWT is used
    • if source water (e.g., PAM/tap supply or deep well) is not suitable for immediate consumption:
      • route to temporary storage → filtration → then into GWT

• Hot water

  • Hot water is acknowledged as needed for certain functions (e.g., hotels / higher sanitary demand), but detailed hot-water design is deferred to a separate discussion.

• Comparison between office vs. apartment demand

  • Offices
    • example: office with 2000 people
    • factor used: 50 L/person/day
    • clean water: 100 m³/day
    • roof tank ~20% → 20 m³
    • ground tank includes fire:
      • clean + 1.5×fire → 250 m³
  • Apartments
    • emphasized higher demand due to bathing, cooking, laundry, etc.
    • example assumption: 250 L/person/day
    • for 2000 people:
      • 500,000 L/day = 500 m³/day
    • roof tank ~20% → 100 m³
    • ground tank:
      • clean + fire reserve (assumed 500 m³) → 1000 m³ total
  • Lesson
    • building function strongly drives tank size
    • apartments can require multiples of office capacity

• Plumbing system flow / diagram logic (as described)

  • Source water enters via PAM (public supply) through a water meter
  • If water is suitable:
    • PAM → clean water tank (GWT) → pump up to roof tank
  • If water is not suitable (e.g., deep well):
    • deep well → meter → water tanks → filtration → then to GWT/RWT stages
  • Distribution to floors
    • roof tank → riser pipe → top-floor/roof distribution
    • booster pumps for top ~3–5 floors to ensure pressure
    • lower floors often rely on gravity (pressure may become excessive in some cases)
  • Unit-level distribution
    • apartments:
      • centralized in a vertical shaft, then to each unit (shower, closet, sink/pantry, kitchen sink, washing machine)
    • hotels:
      • described as more centralized (units may not have individual meters)
  • Public/shared functions
    • pools, gardens, flushing, etc. affect reserve calculations
    • mentions reserving about 10% excess for contingencies (e.g., flushing/leak allowance)

• Vertical shafts (planning guidance)

  • A shaft is described as a continuous vertical space filled with pipes.
  • It typically contains:
    • clean water pipes
    • used/dirty water pipes
    • ventilation pipes for toilet/sanitary air
    • possibly hot water pipes (as described for apartments/hotels)
    • AC drain pipes (for office solutions per subtitle notes)
    • rainwater pipes from the roof
  • Two main shaft arrangement types
    • Single (one end unit / single system)
      • reference size: ~75 cm deep × 40 cm wide
    • Twin/tandem (pipes shared across two units)
      • reference size: ~50 cm deep × 40 cm wide
  • Horizontal shaft notes
    • subtitle reference: about 1 meter length × 30 cm width (as a sizing reference)

• Architect’s conclusion / checklist (most important “what to prepare”)

  • Architects should avoid over-engineering pipe details, but must ensure correct space allocation and compatibility with MEP consultants:
    • provide space for:
      • RWT/ground tanks and pump room (basement/ground floor)
      • roof tank (roof area)
      • shaft locations and pathways for:
        • riser pipes
        • distribution pipes on typical floors
      • logical sanitary ware placement in all wet areas
        • to reduce mismatch where MEP routing cannot align with architectural layouts
  • Final lesson
    • misalignment between architectural and MEP/plumbing drawings is difficult to fully prevent; when inconsistencies occur, architectural plans often get revised, because construction usually follows detailed MEP coordination.

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Methodology / Step-by-Step Instructions Extracted

A. Determine clean water demand

• Identify the building function (office, apartment, hotel, etc.).
• Determine the number of occupants
  • use building area + occupancy density assumption (example shown for offices).
• Select the standard clean water liters per person per day
  • from SNI and/or more detailed DKI Jakarta regulation tables (as described).
• Compute:
  • Clean water per day (L/day) = occupants × L/person/day
  • Convert to m³/day (1000 L = 1 m³)

B. Size roof tank

• Assume roof tank volume is 15–20% of daily clean water needs.
• Compute:
  • Roof tank ≈ 0.15–0.20 × clean water demand (m³/day)
• Example:
  • 100 m³/day → 20% → 20 m³ roof tank

C. Size ground/clean water tank including fire reserve

• Compute fire reserve:
  • Fire fighting water = (1 to 1.5) × clean water volume
• Compute total tank capacity:
  • GWT total ≈ clean water (m³/day) + fire reserve (m³)
• Example:
  • clean 100 m³ + fire 150 m³ → 250 m³ total

D. Consider RWT (temporary storage) if needed

• If water is not ready for direct consumption:
  • allocate a temporary tank:
  • RWT ≈ 30% × total clean water tank volume
• Route flow:
  • RWT → filtration (sand/carbon filters mentioned) → then to GWT

E. Plan distribution and pumps

• Flow logic:
  • PAM supply → water meter → tanks → pumps → roof tank
• Provide:
  • booster pumps for top floors (top 3–5 floors per subtitles)
  • gravity distribution for lower floors when adequate pressure exists
• Distribute to:
  • each sanitary fixture group (lavatory, shower, closet, kitchen sink, washing machine, etc.)
  • public amenities (pool/flushing/garden) as required

F. Plan shafts

• Allocate continuous vertical shaft space for:
  • clean water, dirty water, vents
  • possibly hot water, AC drains, and rainwater (depending on building/service type)
• Reference sizing guidance:
  • Single shaft: ~75 cm (depth) × 40 cm (width)
  • Twin/tandem shaft: ~50 cm (depth) × 40 cm (width)

G. Architectural coordination rule

• Place sanitary ware logically in floor plans so MEP routing can match.
• Avoid haphazard fixture placement that causes plumbing layout conflicts.

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Speakers / Sources Featured (as Stated in Subtitles)

Speakers

• The presenter/speaker is not named in the subtitles.

Sources / Standards / Regulations Cited

• SNI 03-7013-2005
  • referenced in subtitles (interpreted as a plumbing system planning procedure)
• DKI Jakarta Provincial Regulation No. 122 of 2005
  • about water management for domestic waste
  • used for clean-water planning assumptions/tables in the video