Chemical bonds of Benzene

Summary

In benzene (C₆H₆), each carbon atom is sp²-hybridized and forms three sigma (σ) bonds: two with neighboring carbon atoms and one with a hydrogen atom.

Each carbon atom also has a 2pᶻ orbital. Together, these orbitals form a pi-electron system around the ring. The pi electrons are delocalized, meaning they can move across the entire benzene ring rather than being confined to particular carbon–carbon bonds. The resulting orbitals are called delocalized molecular orbitals.

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