Sejarah Indonesia Kelas 12 - Pemberontakan APRA, Andi Aziz & RMS - SMA Doa Bangsa | Indri Putri Dwi

Overview

The lesson covers three post-independence rebellions associated with opposition to Indonesia’s return from a federal system to the unitary Republic of Indonesia (NKRI): APRA, the Andi Azis rebellion, and the Republic of South Maluku (RMS).

APRA (Ratu Adil Army)

• Leader: Raymond Westerling, a Dutch former colonial officer.
• Background and aims: Dissatisfaction among former soldiers about integration into the Indonesian armed forces helped motivate the movement. Westerling wanted Indonesia to remain a federation and demanded that APRA become the army of the State of Pasundan.
• Events: On 23 January 1950, APRA launched a surprise attack in Bandung and occupied the Siliwangi Division headquarters, killing many people. A related plan to attack a cabinet meeting in Jakarta was thwarted; Sultan Hamid II was said to have assisted with the plan.
• Government response: Negotiations failed, so the government sent military forces to suppress APRA. The operation pushed the group back, although Westerling escaped.

Andi Azis Rebellion

• Leader: Andi Azis.
• Location and date: Makassar, South Sulawesi, in April 1950.
• Background and aims: The movement reflected opposition to the arrival of TNI forces and a desire to preserve the federal system, particularly the State of East Indonesia, rather than join the unitary Republic.
• Events: On 5 April 1950, Andi Azis and his troops attacked the TNI headquarters in Makassar.
• Government response: The government ordered Andi Azis to report to Jakarta within four times 24 hours. He arrived late. TNI forces were then sent to defeat the remaining rebel troops.

Republic of South Maluku (RMS) Rebellion

• Leader: Soumokil.
• Location and date: Maluku; RMS was proclaimed on 25 April 1950.
• Background and aims: Uncertainty about the status of former colonial-era soldiers and opposition to the restoration of a unitary Indonesia contributed to the rebellion.
• Aim: To establish an independent Republic of South Maluku, separate from both the State of East Indonesia and the Republic of Indonesia.
• Government response: The government first attempted negotiations, but they failed. It then launched a military operation led by Colonel Kawilarang. The subtitles say Ambon was retaken on 28 September 1950.

Main Lesson

All three movements were connected to resistance to Indonesia’s political integration and the shift from a federal structure toward a unitary state. The government attempted negotiations in some cases, but ultimately used military operations to suppress the rebellions.

Speakers and Sources Featured

• Speaker: Indri Putri Dwi, a history teacher presenting the lesson.
• Historical figures discussed: Raymond Westerling, Sultan Hamid II, Andi Azis, Soumokil, and Colonel Kawilarang.