Español Undécimo Marco teórico S19 M2

Main ideas and concepts taught

• The video teaches how to write the first chapter of a research monograph, called the Theoretical Framework.
• The theoretical framework is described as:
  • A map to show where the research is positioned and where it is going.
  • A section where the researcher presents ideas and theories from other studies related to the topic.
  • The foundation that supports building the rest of the research.

Key required component: State of the Art

• A key required component inside the theoretical framework is the State of the Art:
  • It describes the current state of the topic.
  • It focuses on the most recent studies, trends, and what is currently known.

Method / step-by-step instructions to build the theoretical framework

Step 1: Establish central conceptual categories (main terms)

• Identify the 2–4 (up to 5) central terms that structure the theoretical framework.
• Example given (impact of social media on teenagers’ self-esteem):
  • Social media (social networks)
  • Self-esteem
  • Adolescence

Step 2: Investigate each central term using reliable sources

• For each main concept, research:
  • Authoritative documents / sources—materials by experts validated by the academic/scientific community.
  • Information should come from academic databases, such as:
    • Universities
    • Scientific databases
    • Government organizations
• The goal is to identify:
  • What is most discussed about the topic
  • The research context (e.g., countries where studied more)
  • The theories and analyses that have emerged
• Important emphasis: use only reliable sources.

Step 3: Structure subtopics linked to each central term

• Create a structured set of subtopics that will appear under each main term.
• Example continued:
  • Social networks subtopics:
    1. Characteristics and types of social networks
    2. Effects of use on mental health
    3. Influence of social networks on self-esteem
  • Self-esteem subtopics:
    1. Definition
    2. Components and types of self-esteem
    3. Development of self-esteem in adolescence
  • Adolescence subtopics:
    1. Stages of adolescence
    2. Behavioral changes
    3. Adolescence and frequent use of social networks

Step 4: Write the theoretical framework chapter

• Begin with a short introduction (1–2 paragraphs max):
  • Tell the reader they are starting the theoretical framework chapter
  • Briefly state what topics and subtopics will be covered
• Then list topics and subtopics in an organized structure, for example:
  • 1. Social media
    2. 1.1 Characteristics and types of social networks
    3. (and so on for each section)

Typical length: 8 to 15 pages

Writing rules and recommendations

• Write in third person (avoid “I investigated/found”).
  • Prefer: “It was investigated and found…”
• Use bibliographic citations (later the video mentions APA will be covered).
• If using ideas from external sources:
  • Do not copy verbatim unless properly cited.
  • When paraphrasing or using information from sources, include citation in parentheses:
    • Author’s last name + year
    • If direct quote: add page number
• Prevent plagiarism:
  • Don’t present others’ ideas as your own without attribution.
• Don’t include your personal opinion in this chapter:
  • The theoretical framework should only present what was found in sources, organized and structured.
• Note: analysis/interpretation comes later, not in the theoretical framework.

Additional segment content (vocabulary and activity)

Vocabulary (Monte Rosales capsule)

The capsule teaches English terms to write in both languages:

• Theoretical framework
• Concept
• Theories
• Background
• State of the art

Active break (two quick riddles)

• Riddle 1: Five consecutive days without using day names or numbers
  • Answer: day before yesterday, yesterday, today, tomorrow, day after tomorrow
• Riddle 2: “Five sisters” riddle
  • Answer: the fifth sister is playing chess with Katia

Conclusion / closing message

• After completing the theoretical framework chapter, the next chapter is the conclusion.
• One method for concluding:
  • Summarize what was discussed
  • Mention the importance of creating the theoretical framework and how it contributed to the research.

Speakers or sources featured

• Speaker: Not explicitly named in the subtitles (instructional course presenter/teacher).
• Sources: The video references external academic sources in general (universities, scientific databases, government organizations), but no specific author/publication is cited in the subtitles.