Como fazer a INTRODUÇÃO da Redação Enem ✍️🩷

How to Write an ENEM Essay Introduction

Professor Bárbara Garbinato teaches a three-part structure for an ENEM essay introduction. The introduction should be written after planning the essay, including choosing the two arguments that will be developed later.

1. Begin with relevant cultural repertoire

Use a piece of knowledge to contextualize the topic. This could be a book, film, song, philosophical idea, quotation, historical event, sociological concept, or geographical comparison.

The reference should relate directly to the essay topic—or at least to its broader thematic area. Irrelevant references can be difficult to connect and may seem forced.

Avoid “wildcard” references intended to fit almost any topic. Instead, build a range of material connected to the main thematic areas:

• Social issues
• Law and citizenship
• Education
• Art and culture
• Technology
• Health
• The environment

A reference can be versatile within a particular area, as long as you explain its relevance to the specific topic.

2. Connect the repertoire explicitly to the topic

Explain how the reference is similar to or different from the situation in Brazil today. Then introduce the essay topic. You may paraphrase the prompt’s wording to make it fit naturally into the introduction.

Make the connection clear by repeating an important word from the reference or using a synonym. This helps show that the reference is relevant and has been used productively.

When using fiction, make the transition to real-world Brazilian society explicit—for example, by writing “outside fiction.”

The lesson illustrates these techniques with sample essays about the value of African heritage in Brazil. The examples connect historical enslavement, Raízes do Brasil, and Torto Arado to the topic, using shared ideas such as cultural homogenization, African heritage, and knowledge passed down through generations.

3. State the two arguments

End the introduction by presenting the two arguments that will support the essay.

Choose these arguments during the planning stage, after reading and interpreting the supporting texts and considering the underlying causes of the topic—not while drafting the introduction.

Present the arguments in the same order they will appear in the body:

1. The first argument in the introduction becomes the first development paragraph.
2. The second argument becomes the next development paragraph.

Overall sequence

1. Plan the essay and select two arguments.
2. Introduce relevant cultural repertoire.
3. Explain its connection to Brazil and the topic.
4. State the topic, paraphrasing it if useful.
5. Present the two arguments in development-paragraph order.

Speakers and Sources Featured

• Professor Bárbara Garbinato — instructor and main speaker.
• Student essay examples attributed to Danilo, Marina, and Ana Beatriz — used to demonstrate how repertoire and arguments can be connected to a theme.
• Cultural works and references discussed:
  • Carlos Drummond de Andrade’s poem “In the Middle of the Road”
  • Sérgio Buarque de Holanda’s Raízes do Brasil
  • Itamar Vieira Júnior’s Torto Arado
  • Jeferson Tenório’s The Other Side of the Skin
  • The television series Grey’s Anatomy
• ENEM essay prompts and high-scoring essays from previous exams — referenced as examples, including themes from 2021, 2022, and 2023.