MOVIMIENTOS ANATÓMICOS DEL SER HUMANO ║ Terminología y descripción de cada movimiento

Summary

The video introduces anatomical terminology for movements of the human body, especially movements occurring at synovial joints. It explains how movements are described and lists common movements by body region.

General Principles

• A movement is a change in the position of the whole body or one of its parts relative to the body or another reference point.
• Movement depends on coordinated action involving the nervous system, muscles, joints, and, in many movements, bones. Muscles contract and relax to move body segments.
• Synkinesis refers to involuntary or unintended muscle movements that occur alongside voluntary movements.

Main Movement Terms

• Flexion: Decreases the angle between body segments; the distal part moves toward the proximal part.
• Extension: Increases the angle between body segments.
• Abduction: Moves a joint or limb away from the body’s midline.
• Adduction: Moves a joint or limb toward the midline.
• Rotation: Turns a body part around its own axis.
  • External/lateral rotation: Turns away from the midline.
  • Internal/medial rotation: Turns toward the midline.
• Dorsiflexion: Raises the foot toward the front of the lower leg.
• Plantarflexion: Points the foot downward, increasing its angle relative to the lower leg.
• Eversion: Turns the sole of the foot outward.
• Inversion: Turns the sole of the foot inward.
• Lateral inclination: Bends the trunk to the left or right.
• Circumduction: Combines flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction so the end of a limb traces a circle.
• Pronation and supination: Rotate the forearm so the palm turns toward a downward or posterior-facing position (pronation) or an upward or anterior-facing position (supination).
• Radial and ulnar deviation: Move the wrist toward the thumb side or little-finger side, respectively.
• Opposition and reposition: Bring the thumb toward another finger, then move it away again.
• Antepulsion and retropulsion: Move the arms forward and upward, or backward and downward, respectively.
• Elevation and depression: Raise or lower a body part, such as the shoulders.
• Protraction and retraction: Move a body part forward, then return it backward toward its anatomical position. The video uses the shoulder blades as an example.
• Anteversion and retroversion: Tilt the pelvis forward or backward.
• Protrusion and retrusion: Move the jaw or shoulders forward or backward. The subtitle wording for retrusion is unclear, but it describes movement backward.
• Lateral jaw movement: Move the lower jaw to either side.
• Occlusion: Bring the upper and lower teeth together, closing the mouth.
• Repulsion: Described in the subtitles as extension of the forearm at the elbow.

Movements by Body Region

• Head and neck: Rotation, flexion, extension, lateral flexion, protraction, retraction, and circumduction.
• Jaw: Protrusion, retrusion, lateral movement, and occlusion.
• Shoulders: Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal and external rotation, and circumduction.
• Scapulae: Protraction/antepulsion, retraction/retropulsion, elevation, and depression.
• Elbows: Flexion, extension, and the rotations listed in the subtitles.
• Wrists: Flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.
• Fingers: Flexion, extension, opposition, reposition, abduction, and adduction.
• Trunk: Flexion, extension, and lateral inclination.
• Hips: Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal and external rotation, anteversion, retroversion, and circumduction.
• Knees: Flexion, extension, and the rotations listed in the subtitles.
• Feet: Dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, eversion, inversion, pronation, and supination.

Range-of-Motion Caution

Hyperflexion and hyperextension are movements beyond a joint’s normal range. The video warns that exaggerated or incorrect exercise technique can cause pain, ligament tears, other damage, or dislocation, and may be disabling.

Speakers and Sources

• Narrator: An unnamed presenter providing the anatomical explanations.
• Source/channel: KanelaMental