2) TYT Kimya - 1.Ünite - Kimyanın ve Kimyacıların Başlıca Çalışma Alanları - Görkem ŞAHİN - 2026

Summary

The lesson introduces chemistry’s major fields, the industries that use chemistry, and careers related to the subject. Its central exam strategy is to identify what a problem is trying to determine—for example, what a sample contains, how much of something is present, or how a substance behaves in a living organism—rather than being distracted by the setting or method described.

Main Chemistry Disciplines

• Analytical chemistry examines the composition of substances.

  • Qualitative analysis asks: What is present?
  • Quantitative analysis asks: How much is present?
  • Examples include testing water for contaminants, measuring mineral content in soil, checking the purity of a drug, or determining how much heavy metal is in water.
  • A flame-color test is analytical chemistry when its purpose is to identify which element is present.

• Biochemistry studies chemical substances and reactions in living organisms, including the effects of substances on living things. Examples include examining blood or hormone levels, studying DNA and RNA, and investigating how a drug affects the body.

  • The same situation can involve multiple fields: identifying a substance in a water sample is analytical chemistry, while studying its effects on a person is biochemistry.

• Organic chemistry studies the structures, properties, reactions, and synthesis of carbon-based compounds.

  • A question about synthesizing a drug from carbon-containing compounds points toward organic chemistry.
  • The instructor emphasizes that organic chemistry is not the same as “organic” food or farming terminology.

• Inorganic chemistry focuses on elements and compounds generally outside organic carbon chemistry, including acids, bases, salts, metals, and alloys.

  • Some carbon-containing substances—such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and carbonates—are treated as inorganic.
  • Examples include studying metal reactions, alloy design, and choosing appropriate storage materials.

• Physical chemistry examines how physical factors relate to chemical reactions, including heat, work, energy, energy transformations, and reaction rates.

  • The instructor connects catalysts and reaction speed, calorific-value calculations, thermochemistry, and quantum chemistry to this field.
  • Electrolytic metal plating is also discussed in terms of energy conversion and associated with physical chemistry.

• Polymer chemistry studies polymers: large structures made from many smaller units called monomers.

  • Examples discussed include polyethylene (PE), PVC, PET, Kevlar, and PTFE. The instructor notes that Teflon is a trade name for PTFE, rather than the polymer’s chemical name.
  • Polymers are used in products such as plastics, fibers, adhesives, vehicle parts, and cookware. Their persistence in the environment makes collection and recycling important.

The instructor says there are seven subdisciplines, but the subtitles clearly develop the six fields above. Electrochemistry is mentioned in connection with physical chemistry, rather than being clearly presented as a separate discipline.

How to Classify Exam Questions

Use the purpose of the investigation as the key:

• “What is in the sample?” → Analytical chemistry (qualitative).
• “How much of it is present?” → Analytical chemistry (quantitative).
• “What does it do in a living organism?” → Biochemistry.
• “Does the substance contain carbon, and how is it structured or synthesized?” → Organic chemistry.
• “How does a metal, salt, acid, base, or other inorganic substance react?” → Inorganic chemistry.
• “What role do energy, heat, reaction rate, or a catalyst play?” → Physical chemistry.
• “Is the material a polymer, or how can its properties be improved?” → Polymer chemistry.

A single scenario may contain several separate questions, each belonging to a different discipline. For instance, a heavy-metal investigation could involve analytical chemistry to measure the metal, biochemistry to study its effects on people, and inorganic chemistry to consider its reactions or storage.

Agriculture, Industries, and Careers

• Agriculture: Soil analysis can reveal which minerals are present and help guide crop choices. The instructor uses soil and garlic as an example of how soil composition may affect crop quality.
• Pharmaceutical industry: Produces medicines used to prevent or treat disease. The instructor cautions against taking medicines without appropriate medical advice.
• Petrochemical industry: Uses oil and natural gas to produce fuels, plastics, medicines, detergents, and other materials.
• Fertilizer industry: Produces substances—often supplying nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium—to improve soil. The instructor notes that excessive fertilizer use can cause environmental problems.
• Paint industry: Supplies materials used in construction, woodwork, and other applications.
• Water-purification industry: Uses chemical processes to remove pollutants from water, air, or soil.
• Textile industry: Applies chemistry in making, dyeing, and processing fibers and fabrics.

Careers mentioned include:

• Chemist: Analyzes, researches, identifies, and produces substances, often working in laboratories.
• Chemical engineer: Designs and operates industrial facilities so chemical products can be made and developed efficiently and economically.
• Metallurgical engineer: Works with extracting, designing, developing, and producing metals and alloys.
• Pharmacist and clinical pharmacist: Work in the distribution, use, or production of medicines.
• Chemistry teacher: Teaches chemistry according to the relevant curriculum.

Study Advice and Health-Related Digressions

The instructor recommends attempting the assigned question-bank tests before continuing with a lesson, then using the video or QR-code solutions to review difficult questions.

The lesson also includes extended comments about cookware, medicines, and health risks. These are the instructor’s claims rather than the core chemistry lesson; specific medical or safety claims in the subtitles should not be treated as verified guidance without checking reliable medical or public-health sources.

Speakers and Sources Featured

• Görkem Şahin — the instructor and speaker.
• Benim Hocam — the channel named in the video metadata.
• The instructor refers to past ÖSYM exam questions as examples; these are discussed by the presenter rather than presented by a separate speaker.