CTET February 2026 | CTET Science Paper 2 | Science CTET Paper 2 | Science by Sarika Ma'am #3

Main ideas / concepts covered

CTET class update & course structure

• The channel “Teaching Wala” changes scheduling after the CTET notification.
• Today’s session: Science CTET Paper 2 (Science) — Session #3 by Sarika Ma’am.
• Prior sessions:
  • Yesterday: Blood (theory)
  • Today: Blood MCQs + Heart topic
    • Goal: complete the Circulatory System conceptually (blood + blood vessels + heart).
• PDFs and notes are provided via the application/Telegram.
• Students are advised to take notes and revise.

Heart topic (high-yield for exams)

• The human heart is described as fist-shaped.
• The heart is studied under Cardiology.
• Core circulation flow:
  • Deoxygenated blood from body → heart → lungs
  • Oxygenated blood from lungs → heart → throughout the body via the aorta
• William Harvey is introduced as the “father of blood circulation”.
  • He demonstrated circulation in a snake.

Components of circulatory system

• Three parts:
  1. Blood
  2. Blood vessels
  3. Heart
• Types of blood vessels:
  • Arteries
  • Veins
  • Capillaries

Blood vessels: functions + memory tricks

Arteries (Dhamani)

• Carry oxygenated/pure blood (often shown red).
• Mnemonic / rule:
  • “Artery carries blood from Heart → Body”
• Spelling memory trick:
  • “artery” contains ‘H’ for Heart at the end (to remind Heart → Body).
• Exception:
  • Pulmonary artery carries impure/deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
• Notes from class:
  • High pressure flow
  • No valves mentioned for arteries (as per the class’s explanation for CTET-style answers).

Veins (Way n)

• Carry deoxygenated/impure blood (often shown blue).
• Mnemonic:
  • “Van” collects blood from various parts and goes to the heart.
• Notes from class:
  • Low pressure flow
  • Valves are present to prevent backflow (otherwise veins would “burst”).
• Exception:
  • Pulmonary vein carries oxygenated/pure blood from lungs to heart.

Capillaries

• Smallest blood vessels
• Connect arteries and veins
• Where arteries and veins “meet”

Largest/smallest vessel examples (as asked)

• Largest artery: Aorta
• Largest vein: Inferior vena cava
• Smallest artery: Arterioles
• Smallest vein: Venule

Types of circulatory system: Open vs Closed

• Two types:

Open circulatory system

• Found in Arthropoda and Mollusca (e.g., cockroach, snail).
• Heart pumps blood directly into the body cavity.
• Blood comes in direct contact with body cells.
• Less efficient
• Example mentioned: cockroach has a 13-chamber heart (as shown in subtitles).

Closed circulatory system

• Found in Annelida and Chordata (including vertebrates: birds, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, mammals).
• Blood pumped by heart circulates through blood vessels.
• Blood does not directly contact cells.
• More efficient

Efficiency comparison

• Open: cells directly contact blood → less efficient
• Closed: indirect contact via vessels → more efficient

Human heart structure + chamber separation

• 4-chamber heart:
  • 2 atria (upper chambers): right atrium, left atrium
  • 2 ventricles (lower chambers): right ventricle, left ventricle
• Septa separate chambers:
  • Interatrial septum: separates right atrium & left atrium
  • Interventricular septum: separates right ventricle & left ventricle

Heart valves (CTET-relevant)

• Tricuspid valve: between right atrium and right ventricle
• Bicuspid (mitral) valve: between left atrium and left ventricle
• Pulmonary valve: between right ventricle and pulmonary artery
• Aortic valve: between left ventricle and aorta

Heart covering

• Pericardium (double-walled):
  • Outer layer: parietal
  • Inner layer: visceral
• Purpose: protects the heart

Guidance reinforced by instructor

• Everything asked will remain within the taught structure (no need to go beyond the given theory).

Question practice & conceptual MCQs (CTET style)

• Instructor emphasizes:
  • Read theory clearly, because CTET questions may be conceptual or rewritten.
• Discussed MCQ concepts include:
  • Which atrium/ventricle receives or pumps oxygenated vs deoxygenated blood
  • Backflow prevention during contraction: valves are the key answer
  • Single circulation:
    • Definition: blood passes through the heart only once per complete cycle
    • Mention: Chordata and Annelida involve double circulation, so single circulation is treated as a “rest” category (the exact list is slightly unclear in the transcription)
  • Arteries MCQ themes:
    • thick elastic walls, high pressure, blood carried away from heart, etc.
  • Valve location MCQs:
    • matching valves to the correct chamber/artery junctions

Session wrap-up

• Students were prompted to comment whether they want:
  • Only MCQs, or
  • Both theory and MCQs
• Scheduling reminder:
  • Daily class starts at 1:00 pm on YouTube.
• Thanks viewers and requests feedback in comments.

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Methodology / instructions explicitly given

During/after class

• Check in via comments who joined.
• Ask the instructor to confirm audio/video clarity.
• Attend classes regularly
• Make notes
• Revise after class
• For practice:
  • Rely mainly on what is taught in class; books/PDFs are optional.

Study resources

• PDFs will be available via:
  • the application/batch system
  • Telegram channel: “Science by Sarika Ma’am” (complete PDF after topic completion)
• NCERT (Science 6th–10th) in Hindi and English recommended
  • CTET requires NCERT-level understanding.

Exam preparation strategy

• Since CTET questions can be asked in modified ways:
  • Understand theory first
  • Then attempt MCQs
• While solving MCQs:
  • Don’t rush—read options carefully
  • Avoid mixing:
    • atria vs ventricles
    • oxygenated vs deoxygenated blood
    • exceptions (pulmonary artery vs pulmonary vein)

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Speakers / sources featured

• Sarika Ma’am (instructor; creator of “Science by Sarika Ma’am”)
• Teaching Wala (channel/brand referenced as the platform)
• William Harvey (credited as “father of blood circulation”)