REPERTÓRIOS por EIXO TEMÁTICO para REDAÇÃO NOTA 1000 no ENEM 2026

Summary

The video explains how to prepare sociocultural repertories organized by thematic axis for the ENEM essay. A useful repertory should be specific enough to connect meaningfully to a topic, yet broad enough to apply to several topics within the same field.

The presenter contrasts this approach with a generic “catch-all” repertory, which may weaken an essay if it is not clearly connected to the topic or developed effectively. Thematic-axis repertories can help students prepare for unfamiliar prompts without requiring a separate reference for every possible subject.

Examples by thematic axis

Environment — “The tragedy of the commons”

Biologist Garrett Hardin’s concept describes how people pursuing individual gain can overexploit a shared resource until it is depleted. The presenter illustrates this with a shared pasture: each person benefits from adding more animals, but if everyone does so, the pasture is destroyed and all lose.

The concept can support discussions of water use, deforestation, pollution, climate change, excessive consumption, and other forms of irresponsible resource exploitation.

Core connection: Private interests can undermine shared resources and cause collective environmental harm.

Health — Vidas Secas by Graciliano Ramos

The novel follows a poor migrant family in the northeastern Brazilian backlands, whose lives are shaped by hunger, drought, and deprivation. The presenter uses the work to show that health depends on more than access to clinics: nutrition, sanitation, housing, and other basic living conditions also matter.

The novel can be applied to food insecurity, hunger, public health, unequal access to care, sanitation, and government neglect.

Core connection: Social conditions affect people’s health and dignity, and deprivation can make illness more likely.

Education — Distinction by Pierre Bourdieu

Bourdieu’s work is used to explain how tastes and cultural knowledge are learned socially rather than being innate. The presenter argues that schools may treat the culture of dominant social groups as the legitimate standard. Students already familiar with that culture can consequently appear more capable, while other students’ backgrounds may be undervalued.

In this way, schools can reproduce social inequalities and make unequal opportunities look like differences in individual merit. The work can support topics such as educational inequality, meritocracy, school dropout, and illiteracy.

Core connection: Schools can reinforce inequality when they privilege some students’ cultural backgrounds over others.

Guidance for using repertory in an essay

• Build a small collection by thematic axis, such as environment, health, and education, rather than relying only on a generic reference or trying to memorize one reference for every possible prompt.
• Use repertory mainly in the introduction, where it can establish a clear connection to the essay topic. It may also appear in development paragraphs if it fits the argument.
• Explain the reference and connect it to the topic. Simply naming a book, concept, or author is not enough; the essay should show what the reference means and how it supports the argument.
• Adapt the reference to the specific prompt. The same work or concept can be relevant to several topics within its axis, but the connection must be made explicit.

The presenter warns that an unexplained or poorly integrated reference may hurt the essay’s performance, particularly in competencies 2 and 3.

The video ends by mentioning a collection of 30 quotations offered by the presenter and previewing a later lesson on writing introductions.

Speakers and sources featured

• Speaker: Luma, the presenter.
• Sources and works referenced:
  • Garrett Hardin — the concept of “the tragedy of the commons.”
  • Graciliano Ramos — Vidas Secas (1938).
  • Pierre Bourdieu — Distinction.
  • The ENEM essay competencies, discussed by the presenter.