Como o Tiririca mudou as eleições?🤡

Main Ideas

Why a Candidate With Many Votes May Lose

In Brazil’s proportional elections, seats are allocated to parties according to their vote totals, then distributed among each party’s most-voted candidates. A candidate’s result is therefore compared first with other candidates in their party—not with every candidate in the election.

Majority and Proportional Elections

• In a majority-style election, the candidate with the most votes wins. The video gives elections for president, governor, mayor, and senator as examples, while noting that the Senate’s method is somewhat different.
• The presenter says proportional representation can give smaller political groups a share of legislative seats roughly corresponding to their support. By contrast, a strict winner-take-all approach can leave less popular viewpoints without representation and encourage tactical voting.

Votes and Parties

In a proportional election, a vote for a candidate also contributes to that candidate’s party total. Voters can also vote directly for a party. The video compares this to choosing a team rather than an individual player.

How the Proportional System Works

The presenter breaks the process into three stages:

1. People vote.

   • Open list: Voters choose individual candidates.
   • Closed list: Voters choose a party, and the party’s list determines which candidates take its seats.
   • Mixed list: Combines the two. The presenter describes Brazil’s system this way: voters can choose a candidate or a party.

2. Votes determine how many seats each party gets.

   • The video introduces the electoral quotient, calculated by dividing the total valid votes by the number of seats available. Blank and null votes, as well as abstentions, are excluded in the example.
   • A party needs enough votes to reach the quotient to gain a seat. In the example, 100,000 valid votes divided among 100 seats produces a quotient of 1,000 votes per seat.
   • If seats remain after this initial allocation, the video describes an additional-seat calculation that is repeated until all seats are filled.

3. Each party awards its seats to its candidates.

   • The party’s highest-polling candidates take its seats.
   • As a result, someone with fewer votes than a candidate from another party may still be elected if their own party has secured a seat and they rank high enough within it.

Alternates and the “Tiririca Effect”

Alternates

The video distinguishes Senate alternates—two reserves elected alongside a senator—from substitutes for federal or state representatives. For those legislative seats, it describes a queue of candidates who narrowly missed election; one may take over if an elected representative leaves office.

Vote-Pullers

A highly popular candidate can bring in enough votes to win multiple seats for their party, helping elect fellow party members who received far fewer votes.

The video’s example is Tiririca, who reportedly received about 1.3 million votes in São Paulo in 2010, compared with an electoral quotient of about 304,000. The presenter says his total helped secure seats for other candidates in his party or coalition.

The video also uses Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo as examples of how a popular figure’s votes can help other candidates on the same team or party list.

Changes and Concerns Discussed

The presenter says two changes were intended to limit the effect of vote-pullers:

• Ending electoral coalitions, so parties could no longer combine their election votes in the way described for earlier elections.
• Requiring an individual candidate to receive at least 10% of the electoral quotient to take a seat. In the example, that threshold would be 100 votes.

The video notes that proportional representation can encourage the creation of many parties. It argues that this may make governing more difficult by requiring negotiations with numerous groups, and warns that such bargaining can create opportunities for patronage or bribery.

The presenter emphasizes that these are comparisons between electoral systems, not between forms of government, and briefly points viewers to other videos about approval voting and preferential voting as alternatives.

Speakers and Sources Featured

• Speaker: One presenter or narrator, whose name is not given in the subtitles.
• Other identifiable speakers: None. The goalkeeper, team, Messi, Cristiano Ronaldo, and Tiririca examples are discussed by the narrator rather than speaking in the video.
• Sources or examples mentioned: The presenter refers to an earlier video about majority elections, other videos about approval and preferential voting, and the 2010 São Paulo election involving Tiririca. No external source or interviewee is identified in the subtitles.