Hidruros no metálicos (parte 1)

Summary

The video introduces non-metallic hydrides formed when hydrogen bonds with non-metals in groups 16 and 17 of the periodic table.

Main rules

• Write hydrogen first and the non-metal second.
• Hydrogen has an oxidation number of +1 when bonded to a non-metal.
• The non-metal takes its lowest negative oxidation number.
• Use the oxidation numbers as subscripts, crossing their magnitudes and omitting any subscript of 1.
• Balance the formation equation after writing the compound formula.
• The compound’s name depends on its state:
  • As a gas, its name ends in “-ide of hydrogen” (for example, hydrogen chloride).
  • In aqueous solution, it uses the corresponding acid name ending in “-hydric” (for example, hydrochloric acid).

Examples

• Chlorine and hydrogen: Chlorine has an oxidation number of −1, giving the formula HCl. The balanced formation equation is H₂ + Cl₂ → 2HCl. Gaseous HCl is called hydrogen chloride; in aqueous solution, it is hydrochloric acid.
• Sulfur and hydrogen: Sulfur has an oxidation number of −2, giving the formula H₂S. Gaseous H₂S is called hydrogen sulfide; in aqueous solution, it is hydrosulfuric acid.

The video briefly refers to these compounds as “hydroxides,” but this appears to be an error in the subtitles or presentation: hydroxides are a different class of compounds. The aqueous acids discussed here are commonly called binary acids (hidrácidos).

The next lesson is said to cover non-metallic hydrides involving elements from groups 14 and 15.

Speaker and source

• Axel — presenter and only speaker featured.