Summary of History class 9 chapter 1 bihar board | Class 9 history chapter 1 | 9th history bihar baord

Summary of the Video: "History class 9 chapter 1 Bihar Board | Class 9 history chapter 1 | 9th history Bihar Board"

Main Ideas and Concepts:

  1. Introduction to History as a Subject
    • History is the study of past events based on facts and evidence.
    • The word "history" is derived from two words "iti" (incident) and "has" (must have happened).
    • History deals only with events for which evidence or proof exists.
    • Historians re-examine past incidents based on facts and evidence.
    • Herodotus is called the "Father of History" for world history.
    • Megasthenes is considered the father of Indian history.
    • History is divided into three parts:
      • Ancient History (before 750 AD)
      • Medieval History (750 AD to 1750 AD)
      • Modern History (after 1750 AD)
  2. Geographical Discoveries (Chapter 1)
    • The chapter focuses on the discovery of new lands and continents by Europeans.
    • Initially, people lived only on their own continents and were unaware of other continents.
    • There are seven continents in the world: Asia, Europe, Africa, North America, South America, Australia, and Antarctica.
    • Early people feared traveling by sea due to beliefs that the earth was flat and fear of falling off the edge.
    • Europeans were motivated to explore new routes because:
      • Trade routes to India through the Middle East were blocked by Turks and Arabs who imposed heavy taxes.
      • They needed to find new sea routes to India to continue trade without paying heavy taxes.
  3. European Efforts in Exploration
    • Development of the navy and shipbuilding was crucial for sea exploration.
    • Europeans learned to use the compass (from Arabs) to navigate.
    • Invention of the telescope and astrolabe helped in navigation.
    • The caravel, a fast and light ship, was developed by Europeans for exploration.
  4. Key Explorers and Their Discoveries
    • Bartholomew Diaz (1488 AD): First European to reach the southern tip of Africa, named it the Cape of Good Hope.
    • Christopher Columbus (1492 AD): Set out to find a new route to India but accidentally discovered America, mistakenly thinking it was India. The native people were called "Red Indians" by Columbus.
    • Amerigo Vespucci: Realized that the land Columbus found was a new continent, later named America after him.
    • Vasco da Gama (1498 AD): Successfully found a sea route to India, landed at Calicut port in Kerala, was welcomed by the king Zamorin, and brought back goods that were sold at 26 times the price in Europe.
    • Ferdinand Magellan (1519 AD): First to circumnavigate the world, proving the world is round and connected by seas.
    • Captain James Cook: Discovered Australia.
  5. Impact of Discoveries
    • The discoveries led to increased knowledge about the world.
    • Europeans gained access to new trade routes and expanded their influence globally.
    • The fear of the earth being flat diminished as exploration proved the earth was round.
    • The development of navigation tools and shipbuilding technology was essential for these discoveries.

Methodology / Instructions Presented:

Important Names and Terms:

Notable Quotes

— 44:41 — « Necessity is not the mother of invention; whatever is needed humans have invented it. »
— 44:43 — « Whatever the person needs, neither humans can invent it immediately. »
— 48:57 — « He also invented the telescope so that we could see from a distance. Let's find out where we are heading in the sea. »
— 54:25 — « There is little hope that you won't find a world. Good Hope said Cape of Good Hope. »
— 59:59 — « All of them are Red Indians, did you understand that? He thought that if he is an Indian then he is an Indian. »

Category

Educational

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