Summary of "Transformation of Sentences | ICSE & ISC Grammar | Rules | Boards 2026"
Purpose
The video (Arin Tutorials) explains how to transform sentences using the words/phrases “lest” and “notwithstanding” for ICSE & ISC grammar/board exam practice. It gives meanings, sentence structures, cautions, and multiple example transformations.
Main ideas and rules
1) Lest
- Meaning: “for fear that,” “otherwise,” or “or else” — used to express prevention of an undesirable result.
- Structure / formation:
- Use: lest + subject + should + base verb + (rest of clause).
- Avoid explicit negatives immediately after lest (do not use “not” or other negative constructions).
- “Should” is normally retained after the subject in the lest-clause.
- How to transform (method):
- Identify the clause that expresses purpose to avoid something (often “so that … would not” / “so that … won’t / wouldn’t”).
- Replace that purpose clause with a lest-clause: “lest + subject + should + verb…”
- Tip: Think of “lest” as replacing “otherwise / or else / for fear that” and then follow with subject + should.
Examples (original → transformed):
She left early so that she wouldn’t miss the train. → She left early lest she should miss the train.
He trained daily so that he would not lose the championship. → He trained daily lest he should lose the championship.
She speaks politely so that she does not offend anyone. → She speaks politely lest she should offend anyone.
They revised thoroughly so that they would not make mistakes. → They revised thoroughly lest they should make mistakes.
2) Notwithstanding
- Meaning: “not denying the fact,” i.e., “in spite of,” “despite.”
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Forms:
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Notwithstanding + noun/noun phrase, + main clause. Example: Notwithstanding his injury, he continued the game.
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Notwithstanding the fact that + clause, + main clause. Example: Notwithstanding the fact that she is honest, she is stubborn.
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Structure / formation:
- Place the notwithstanding phrase at the start of the sentence (or before the contrasted clause), then a comma, then the main clause that contrasts.
- Alternatively, use “notwithstanding + noun phrase” (e.g., “Notwithstanding the narrowness of the road,…”).
- Cautions:
- Notwithstanding is one word — do not write it as “not withstanding”.
- Do not connect the two contrasted clauses with “but” or “or” when using notwithstanding; use a comma instead.
Examples (original → transformed):
She is honest, she is stubborn. → Notwithstanding her honesty, she is stubborn. → Notwithstanding the fact that she is honest, she is stubborn.
Although the road was narrow, the driver sped through without slowing down. → Notwithstanding the narrowness of the road, the driver sped through without slowing down. → Notwithstanding the fact that the road was narrow, the driver sped through without slowing down.
Though the weather was cold, they went swimming in the lake. → Notwithstanding the cold weather, they went swimming in the lake. → Notwithstanding the fact that the weather was cold, they went swimming in the lake.
He was injured but continued the game. → Notwithstanding his injury, he continued the game. → Notwithstanding the fact that he was injured, he continued the game.
He apologized sincerely but she remained angry. → Notwithstanding his sincere apology, she remained angry. → Notwithstanding the fact that he apologized sincerely, she remained angry.
Extra notes
- The video included brief, somewhat unclear remarks about adverbs; these are not necessary for the core transformation rules.
- The presenter reminds viewers to use commas appropriately after the notwithstanding phrase and to avoid using conjunctions like “but” when linking contrasted clauses with notwithstanding.
Speaker / Source
- Arin Takar — presenter/coach and mentor (Arin Tutorials YouTube channel).
Category
Educational
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