Summary of Uttarakhand Lekhpal Patvari Bharti 2025 : Indian Polity ( भारतीय राज्यव्यवस्था ) Lec 03 #uksssc

Summary of Video: "Uttarakhand Lekhpal Patvari Bharti 2025: Indian Polity (भारतीय राज्यव्यवस्था) Lec 03 #uksssc"

Main Topics Covered:

• Fundamental Duties of Indian Citizens
• Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP)
• Related Constitutional Amendments and Articles
• Important Questions and Answers for Exam Preparation

1. Fundamental Duties

• Introduction:
  • Fundamental Duties were not part of the original Indian Constitution.
  • Introduced after the National Emergency (1975) due to concerns about citizens’ responsibilities.
  • Added by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976.
  • Inspired by duties in the Constitution of the Soviet Union.
  • The Sardar Swarn Singh Committee (1976) recommended inclusion of these duties.
• Nature of Fundamental Duties:
  • They are non-binding (not enforceable by law).
  • Citizens are encouraged to perform these duties voluntarily.
  • Only Indian citizens have Fundamental Duties; foreigners do not.
• Number and Evolution:
  • Initially, there were 10 Fundamental Duties.
  • The 86th Constitutional Amendment (2002) added the 11th duty related to parents sending children (6-14 years) to school.
• Key Fundamental Duties (examples):
  • Respect the Constitution, national flag, and national anthem.
  • Follow ideals of the freedom struggle.
  • Maintain unity, integrity, and sovereignty of India.
  • Protect the country.
  • Protect wildlife, rivers, lakes, and the environment.
  • Protect government property.
• Important Articles:
  • Fundamental Duties are in Part IV-A, Article 51A.

2. Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP)

• Definition:
  • DPSP are guidelines/directives for the State (government), not individuals.
  • Included in Part IV, Articles 36 to 51 of the Constitution.
  • Inspired by the Constitution of Ireland.
  • These principles are non-justiciable (cannot be enforced in courts).
  • They guide the government in policy-making and welfare schemes.
• Purpose:
  • To establish a welfare state.
  • To strengthen democracy by encouraging government schemes that increase public participation.
  • To promote social, economic, and political justice.
• Examples of DPSP schemes:
  • MNREGA, pension schemes, minimum wage laws, prohibition of triple talaq, etc.
• Important Articles and Amendments:
  • Article 37: DPSP are non-enforceable in court.
  • 42nd Amendment: Added several DPSP provisions, including free legal aid (Article 39A), worker participation in management (Article 43A), protection of environment (Article 48A).
  • 86th Amendment: Changed Article 45 to make education a duty of the state.
  • 97th Amendment (2011): Gave constitutional status to cooperative societies (Article 43B).
• Classification of DPSP:
  • Socialist Principles: Economic justice, political justice, social justice (Articles 38, 39, 41, 42, 43, 43A).
  • Gandhian Principles: Village panchayats (Article 40), prohibition of narcotics (Article 47), protection of livestock (Article 48).
  • Liberal Principles: Uniform Civil Code (Article 44), education (Article 45), protection of environment (Article 48A), separation of judiciary and executive (Article 50), international treaties (Article 51).
• Important Supreme Court Judgement:
  • Champak D. Rajan vs Government of Madras (1951): Fundamental rights prevail over DPSP in case of conflict.

3. Important Constitutional Articles and Amendments

• Fundamental Duties: Part IV-A, Article 51A.
• Directive Principles: Part IV, Articles 36-51.
• 42nd Amendment (1976): Added Fundamental Duties and expanded DPSP.
• 86th Amendment (2002): Added 11th fundamental duty (education) and made Right to Education a fundamental right.
• 97th Amendment (2011): Constitutional status to cooperative societies.
• Article 44: Uniform Civil Code.
• Article 50: Separation of judiciary and executive.
• Article 48A: Protection of environment.
• Article 39A: Free legal aid.
• Article 43A: Worker participation in management.
• Article 40: Village panchayats.

4. Important Exam Questions & Answers

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