Summary of Investigacion 2025 03 14 08 44 GMT 03 00 Recording 2

Summary of "Investigacion 2025 03 14 08 44 GMT 03 00 Recording 2"

Main Ideas and Concepts

  1. Broadening Perspectives in Health Sciences and Research
    • Encouragement to look beyond superficial or habitual ways of analyzing phenomena (e.g., counting objects or focusing narrowly on one answer).
    • Importance of incorporating diverse tools, senses, and ways of thinking to enrich understanding.
    • Recognition that intuition and "sixth sense" in Nursing and health sciences can be valuable but are often underutilized.
    • The challenge of overcoming ingrained preconceptions shaped by history, family, and culture to develop a more open, critical perspective.
  2. Historical Development of Scientific Paradigms
    • Science’s roots in Greek philosophy, initially mixing magical/religious explanations with early attempts at logical understanding.
    • The Renaissance shift toward observation and reproducibility, separating subjective views from objective observations.
    • Auguste Comte’s 19th-century Positivism emphasizing empirical validation, reproducibility, and statistical methods to establish objective scientific truths.
    • Limitations of Positivism when applied to social sciences, where phenomena are not always reproducible or measurable in the same way as natural sciences.
    • Emergence of social sciences questioning positivist models, especially in the mid-20th century.
  3. Thomas Kuhn’s Theory of Scientific Paradigm Shifts
    • Science progresses through cycles:
      • Prescience/Pre-paradigm: No consensus on theory.
      • Normal Science: Dominant paradigm accepted; cumulative knowledge produced.
      • Anomalies: Observations that contradict the paradigm.
      • Crisis: Growing anomalies cause the paradigm to be questioned.
      • Revolution: New paradigm emerges (scientific revolution).
      • Incommensurability: New and old paradigms are incompatible temporarily.
      • New Normal Science: New paradigm becomes dominant.
    • Example: Shift from geocentric (Earth-centered) to heliocentric (Sun-centered) model.
    • Paradigms are transitory and scientific truth is provisional.
  4. Three Major Paradigms in Knowledge Production
    • Positivist (Naturalistic/Quantitative) Paradigm:
      • Reality is objective and separate from the observer.
      • Emphasizes scientific method, reproducibility, statistical validation.
      • Deductive reasoning: from general theory to specific observations.
      • Goal: describe, explain, predict phenomena.
      • Typical in natural and physical sciences and much of health sciences.
      • Research types: descriptive, correlational, experimental.
    • Hermeneutic/Interpretive (Qualitative) Paradigm:
      • Reality is socially constructed through language and interaction.
      • Researcher interacts with the community to co-construct knowledge.
      • Inductive reasoning: from specific observations to theory.
      • No single method; multiple qualitative approaches exist (phenomenology, ethnography, historical research).
      • Goal: understand and interpret social phenomena deeply, not predict.
      • Validation through hermeneutic interpretation, not reproducibility.
    • Critical Dialectical Paradigm:
      • No clear separation between researcher and reality; knowledge is influenced by power structures.
      • Reality is constructed by social, economic, political superstructures.
      • Knowledge grows through conflict, contradiction, and synthesis (dialectics).
      • Goal: transform social reality and promote freedom.
      • Research types: action research, participatory research, systematization of practice.
      • Validation based on practical consequences and social change.
      • Language shaped by power and institutions.
  5. Application to Health Sciences and Nursing
    • Nursing benefits from integrating all three paradigms:
      • Positivist knowledge for biological, physiological data and critical care.
      • Qualitative approaches to understand patient experiences, social and cultural contexts.
      • Critical paradigm to address social determinants of health and empower communities.
    • Nursing is fundamentally relational and requires understanding patients beyond biological measures.
    • Mixed methods research is increasingly common to capture complex phenomena comprehensively.
  6. Educational and Practical Implications
    • Theoretical understanding of paradigms is complex but essential for critical reading and analysis of scientific literature.
    • Students and professionals should learn to identify the paradigm behind research to evaluate its applicability and transferability.
    • No need to rigidly choose a paradigm; multiple paradigms can be used complementarily depending on research goals.
    • Ongoing workshop series planned to deepen understanding of quantitative and qualitative research methods, bibliographic searches, and evidence-based Nursing.

Detailed Methodology / Instructions Presented

Category

Educational

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